London Governance & Compliance Academy

OECD’s Common Reporting Standards (CRS) and the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF)

Introduction and Rationale The Common Reporting Standard (CRS), an initiative under the aegis of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), emerged from the increasing need to address the widespread issue of tax evasion on a global scale. In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, international attention sharply focused on the scale of […]

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Reviewing the Key Elements of Customer Due Diligence

What is Customer Due Diligence?   Customer Due Diligence (CDD) represents a foundational step for financial institutions in understanding and verifying the identities of their customers or potential customers. Rooted in regulatory imperatives such as anti-money laundering (AML) measures and Know Your Customer (KYC) directives, CDD serves as a mechanism to unearth and assess any […]

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An Assessment of Financial Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Efforts in South America and the Middle East

SOUTH AMERICA   In South America, the landscape of financial crime is complex, and money laundering constitutes a significant part of this problem. The Global Financial Integrity’s report in 2021 estimated that the illicit financial flows from developing countries, which include a substantial number from South America, amount to approximately $1 trillion annually.   High-profile […]

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